A single ~5-minute trapping event teaches wild American crows a specific threatening human face: mask-specific scolding persists at least 2.7 years and SPREADS, rising from ~26% to ~66% of crows, while a neutral-mask control stays flat.
Quantities: one ~5-min exposure -> scolding for >=2.7 yr; ~26% -> 30.4% -> ~66% of crows scolding; stimulus:persistence ratio ~5-6 orders of magnitude (5 min vs 2.7 yr)
Primary source
Marzluff et al. 2010 (report cites year only; venue not specified in the report)